What are these sectors and how and many gigatonnes of emissions can we slash from each?

• Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses: 13.6Gt
• Energy Systems: 12.6Gt
• Industry: 5.4Gt
• Transport: 3.8Gt
• Buildings: 0.7Gt

This sector is responsible for about 22 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions and has an emission reduction potential of 13.6 gigatonnes annually, with agriculture accounting for 91 per cent of these emissions on average.

Agriculture, forestry and other land-based industries (AFOLU) are major contributors to climate change.

The world can reduce emissions by 7.3 gigatonnes annually if it halts deforestation, ecosystem degradation and restores ecosystems.

These actions would also improve air quality, bolster food and water security and shore up rural economies. As well, they could be key contributors to reduce biodiversity loss.

Most importantly, investments in land, freshwater and marine ecosystems can make a major contribution to increasing climate resilience (known as 'ecosystem-based adaptation').

The global energy supply system – which includes the production of electricity and heat – is the largest single source of greenhouse gas emissions, churning out 20 gigatonnes of CO2-eq per year.

We can cut 12.6 gigatonnes of emissions annually from the sector by, in part, increasing renewable energy capacity and improving energy efficiency rate. Equivalent to taking 7 billion passengers cars off the road.

Greenhouse gas emissions from the industry sector in 2019 reached 14.1 gigatonnes or 24 per cent of total emissions.

The industrial sector has the potential to reduce its emissions by 5.4 gigatonnes yearly. It can do this, in part, by electrifying production processes, embracing new fuels, develop innovation in high-emission sectors (steel, cement, aluminium), and decarbonizing oil and gas through methane abatement and carbon management technologies.

Industries can increase their resilience to climate impacts by incorporating climate risk and projections into business plans and future investments.

The global transport sector has the highest reliance on fossil fuels of any sector. It is responsible for 8.7 gigatonnes of emissions, which represents 15 per cent of the global total emissions. These emissions are set to double – growing faster than any other industry. Most of this growth will take place in the Global South - in countries which already today are suffering disproportionately from high petroleum fuel prices.

The construction and operation of the world’s buildings is responsible for 12 Gt of greenhouse gas emissions annually. They are responsible for 34 per cent of global energy demand and 37 per cent of energy and process-related carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions.

The emissions reduction potential in buildings is 0.7 gigatonnes for direct emissions and 2 Gt for direct and indirect emissions (electricity and heat).

Fluorinated gases (F-gases) comprise of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), as well as nitrogen trifluoride (NF3). They cut across all sectors.